Is Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder being over diagnosed?

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurological disorder characterised by significant and impairing inattentive and/or hyperactive/impulsive behaviour. ADHD impacts executive functioning resulting in difficulties with planning, organisation, motivation, focus, time management, impulse control, working memory, problem solving, and goal achievement. Recent concerns have arisen around the possibility of ADHD being over diagnosed. Although there may be potential for overdiagnosis, this term is too simplistic. Based on the fact that it is impossible to have ADHD and not experience negative effects, we can see ADHD is not a condition that can be over diagnosed in the way other diseases can. In saying this, important factors that contribute to this notion include:

ADHD exists on a spectrum: many adults who come to us for assessment of ADHD are low on the spectrum and have adapted to their condition as they grew up. It is certain that some children being diagnosed of late are experiencing mild impacts of ADHD which can

be managed through non-medication support.

Comorbidity: The criteria for ADHD shares space with a range of other conditions, and can be considered as co-occurring and even interactive, rather than causative. Examples of co-occurring disorders are Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) (50 – 70%), Anxiety Disorders (47%), Learning Disabilities (45%), Intellectual Disabilities, PTSD, and other Mood/Depression Disorders. Potentially comorbid conditions impact executive function, either through neurological differences (ASD) or effects to cognitive function (Anxiety, Mood Disorders, etc).

Misdiagnosis: If an individual is plainly suffering cognitive deficits, and has been diagnosed incorrectly with ADHD, or ADHD is not the sole relevant diagnosis, the problem is not overdiagnosis. Cognitive deficits of even a mild level can have substantial impact on a person's functioning. The key is to find the right diagnosis/diagnoses. This may mean identifying comorbidities of ADHD for treatment/therapy or overturning an ADHD diagnosis entirely.

At InPsych, we provide diagnosis and treatment for ADHD in both adults and children. Our assessment process is guided by the Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guideline For ADHD, which was released last year by the Australian ADHD Professionals Network. We implement a thorough approach using the best available evidence and psychometrics.

We also offer ongoing therapy for persons with ADHD. Evidence-based treatment for ADHD includes a combination of medication and therapy. Therapy modalities such as Behavioural Therapy (for children), and Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (for adults) can assist persons with ADHD, with development and management of adaptive functionality.